Search results

Emission quantification of refrigerant CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs in megacity Lahore (Pakistan) and contributed ODPs and GWPs.

• Author(s) : UL-HAQ Z., ALI M., BATOOL S. A., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : HCFC, Global warming, CFC, HFC, Emission, Ozone depletion, Refrigerant, Pakistan
• Source: Journal of Earth System Science - vol. 125 - n. 6

A primer on refrigerants. 2.

• Author(s) : RAVINDRA D.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : HCFC, Generality, CFC, HFC, GWP, Environment, Refrigerant
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal - vol. 17 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

Les fluides frigorigènes à l'heure des bilans.

Overall balance on refrigerants.

• Author(s) : BARRAULT S.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : French
• Keywords : HCFC, CFC, Balance sheet, HFC, Emission, Refrigerant, France
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - vol. 104 - n. 1154

Performance comparison of hydrocarbon refrigerant as isobutane and propane R290 in domestic refrigerator as alternative refrigerants to R134a.

• Author(s) : DHAVALE S., DESHMUKH M.
• Publication date: 2016/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, R600a, Isobutane, CFC, R290, Propane, Hydrocarbon, Refrigerant
• Source: Invention Journal of Research Technology in Engineering & Management - vol. 1 - n. 3

IIR document

Are fluorinated refrigerants needed - Will "natural" refrigerants suffice ?

• Author(s) : CALM J. M.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : HCFC, CFC, Ammonia, Hydrocarbon, History, HFC, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Recent and future trends in synthetic greenhouse gas radiative forcing.

• Author(s) : RIGBY M., PRINN R. G., O'DOHERTY S., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : HCFC, CFC, Calculation, Prediction, HFC, Environment, Greenhouse effect, Leakage
• Source: Geophysical Research Letters - vol.41 - n.7

Considerable contribution of the Montreal Protocol to declining greenhouse gas emissions from the United States.

• Author(s) : HU L., MONTZKA S. A., LEHMAN S. J., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, HCFC, CFC, Measurement, HFC, USA, Environment, CO2 emission, Greenhouse effect
• Source: Geophysical Research Letters - vol.44 - n.15
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Updated Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Other Weak Atmospheric Absorbers

• Author(s) : HODNEBROG Ø., AAMAAS B., FUGLESTVEDT J.S., MARSTON G., MYHRE G., NIELSEN C.J., SANDSTAD M., SHINE K. P., WALLINGTON T. J.
• Publication date: 2020/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CFC, HFC, HCFC, HFO, Environment, CO2 emission, Modelling, World, GWP, Climate, Stratosphere, Review, Greenhouse effect, Halon, F-gas (fluorinated gas)
• Source: Reviews of Geophysics - 58 - 3
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2018.

• Author(s) : WMO (World Meteorological Organization), UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), NOAA, NASA, European Commission
• Publication date: 2018/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Greenhouse effect, ODP, HFO, Energy efficiency, Refrigerant, Natural refrigerant, Ozone depletion, Regulations, CFC, HFC, HCFC, Emission, CO2 emission, GWP, Climate, World, Generality
• Formats : PDF

Commission implementing regulation (EU) No 1191/2014 of 30 October 2014 determining the format and means for submitting the report referred to in Article 19 of Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on fluorinated greenhouse gases.

• Publication date: 2014/11/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, HCFC, European Union, CFC, HFC, F-gas (fluorinated gas), Refrigerant
• Source: Journal officiel de l'Union européenne, L - vol. 57

Prospects and Challenges to Transfer New Technology to A5 Countries: RAC association perspectives.

• Author(s) : SHMID SPILKER K. P.
• Publication date: 2017/04/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating equipment, CFC, Sea transport, R717, Developing country, HFC, Air conditioning, Chile
• Source: Sustainable management of refrigeration technologies in marine and off-shore fisheries sectors.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Saturated liquid density equation for pure refrigerants including CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, HCs, HFOs, HFEs, PFAs and ISs based on the scaling law and the law of rectilinear diameter.

• Author(s) : ZHANG H., GAO B., LI H., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 87
• Formats : PDF

Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2014.

• Author(s) : WMO
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, HCFC, CFC, Ultraviolet, Atmosphere, Review, Stratosphere, Prediction, World, HFC, Environment, Greenhouse effect, Ozone depletion, Refrigerant, Climate

Safe use of HCFC alternatives in refrigeration and air-conditioning.

• Author(s) : UNEP DTIE, COLBOURNE D.
• Publication date: 2015
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Standardization, Regulations, HCFC, Safety, Chemical composition, CFC, Drop-in, Substitute, World, Flammability, Hydrocarbon, HFC, GWP, Ozone depletion, Retrofitting, Refrigerant
• Formats : PDF

Protecting the ozone layer and reducing global warming. Results, case studies and lessons learned from UNDP’s Montreal protocol programme.

• Author(s) : UNDP, GEF
• Publication date: 2014/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, HCFC, CFC, Control (automatic), Chilling, Air quality, Foam, HFC, Environment, Greenhouse effect, Ozone depletion, Refrigerant, Air conditioning, Climate

Non-CFC chillers

According to the 2005 annual survey carried out by the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) on chiller manufacturers, the replacement and conversion of CFC chillers, as specified by the Montreal Protocol in 1995 is proving to be...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Honeywell CFC destruction plan

Honeywell has begun destroying its inventories of CFCs and CFC blends: the company says it has already destroyed over 12 000 kg of R11.

• Publication date : 2012/06/21

A blueprint HCFC and CFC phase-out regulation in France

French owners of refrigerating equipmement might have to cease all use of HCFCs before late 2017.

• Publication date : 2012/12/03
• Subjects: Regulation

CFC banks release larger emissions than expected

The leaks of CFC11 and CFC12 stored up in banks, if left unchecked, would delay the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole by 6 years and add 9 billion metric tons of CO2eq to the...

• Publication date : 2020/05/27
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment

Illegal production and use of CFC-11 in China

A report published by the EIA reveals that some Chinese companies still use CFC-11 in the foam blowing industry.

• Publication date : 2018/08/23
• Subjects: Regulation

Review of CFC and HFC-free refrigerators worldwide

At the beginning of December 2004, Brazil's first CFC and HFC-free refrigerator rolled off the BSH Bosh und Siemens Hausegerate GmbH production line. Following implementation for several years in Europe , then in Australia , China , India and...

• Publication date : 2005/02/10

Brief: CFC- and HFC-free refrigerators now in Brazil

At the beginning of December 2004, Brazil 's first CFC and HFC-free refrigerator rolled off the BSH Bosh und Siemens Hausegeräte GmbH production line. Following implementation for several years in Europe , then in Australia , China , India and...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Africa: a project to replace CFC chillers in Africa

A new UN Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) and French Global Environment Facility (FFEM) joint project aims at replacing chillers in several African countries. A survey conducted in Cameroon, Egypt, Namibia, Senegal and Sudan, identified...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Do aliens use CFCs?

What if the search for extra-terrestrial life took a new turn? A grant recently awarded to a team of scientists will finance research for "technosignatures", which would include CFCs.

• Publication date : 2020/06/29

Pakistan confiscates illegal HCFCs

The Pakistan government ordered the confiscation of illegally imported HCFCs, denying import quotas to seven companies this year.

• Publication date : 2014/05/28
• Subjects: Regulation

2015 HCFC consumption in Cuba

The government of Cuba reported a consumption of 13.17 Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) tonnes of HCFC in 2015.

• Publication date : 2016/12/09

China announces HCFC shutdown

China has announced closure of five HCFC refrigeration production lines, nearly 16% of total production, by 2015.

• Publication date : 2014/11/11

HCFC phase-out is moving forward

China launched in December 2011 the HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan (HPMP), a USD 270 million project for complete phase-out of use of HCFCs by January 2015.

• Publication date : 2012/07/26
• Subjects: Regulation

HCFC phase-down in Brazil

A few figures from the Brazilian Ministry of Environment.

• Publication date : 2018/04/05
• Subjects: Regulation, Developing country

China announces HCFC shutdown

China has announced it will close five of its HCFC refrigeration production lines, nearly 16% of total production, by 2015.

• Publication date : 2014/10/10

International events: HCFCs

A national conference on HCFCs took place in Algiers, Algeria, on March 18, 2008, organized by Mr Ahmed Chikouche, Delegate of Algeria to the IIR, in order to raise the awareness of decision-makers and to discuss HCFC replacement solutions in...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

IIR member news: AFCE

The AFCE published an explanatory document of the F-Gas Regulation.

• Publication date : 2014/12/01
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

IIR member news: AFCE and Cemafroid

Thanks to the support of AFCE (IIR member), ADEME and UNICLIMA, EReIE, Armines and Cemafroid (IIR member) have prepared a study on alternatives to high-GWP HFCs in refrigeration and air-conditioning applications.

• Publication date : 2014/02/13
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

IIR member news: Cemafroid, IRSTEA and AFCE

A new study on the containment of refrigerants has been launched with the aim of identifying and promoting best practices in this regard.

• Publication date : 2015/10/07

Sign-up to workshop at ICCC 2022: Clean and efficient refrigeration solutions for food and healthcare

Join the free online workshop on April 13 which will present the ongoing projects in developing countries that will help promote the adoption of climate-friendly refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2022/03/07
• Subjects: Environment, Developing country

The “Projects on clean and efficient refrigeration solutions for food and healthcare sectors in developing countries” workshop at ICCC 2022

An IIR workshop which has gathered the current projects in developing countries that will help to raise awareness among the industry, farmers, policymakers, and consumers… on the importance of adopting a...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

ICCC2022 - early bird rate ending soon

Only seven days left to take advantage of early bird rates for the 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2022).

• Publication date : 2022/02/18
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Environment, Developing country

ICCC2014 in London

The UK hosted ICCC2014, the third IIR conference in the series, in June at St Mary's University College, London, UK.

• Publication date : 2014/07/03

Don't miss the FRISBEE workshop at ICCC2014

On the afternoon of the 23rd June, the IIR will organize a FRISBEE Project a workshop at the 3rd International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2014) at Twickenham College, London, UK.

• Publication date : 2014/05/20

Now available: ICCC 2018 conference papers and proceedings

Couldn't attend the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2018) in Beijing, China, last month? Download the conference proceedings and papers.

• Publication date : 2018/05/18

ICCC2022 – Call for abstracts extended!

Due to an unprecedented number of requests, the call for 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain has been extended to October 24 at 5pm BST.

• Publication date : 2021/10/08
• Subjects: Technology

ICCC 2018 welcomed nearly 200 participants

Hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration, the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain welcomed nearly 200 participants this month in Beijing, China.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19
• Subjects: Environment, General information

Conference programme now available for ICCC 2022

In addition to three keynote sessions, the event will gather over 50 presentations, three workshops and several coffee lounges discussions looking at new ways to tackle questions around sustainability and the...

• Publication date : 2022/03/24
• Subjects: Developing country, General information

ICCC 2020: The most important international cold chain event of the year!

Register today to the IIR Cold Chain Conference 2020. A biennial event of the IIR, the ICCC conference series is recognised worldwide as a cutting-edge event on the cold chain.

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

ICCC2022 to be held as a virtual conference

The 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain will now be held from 11 to 13 April 2022 as a virtual event allowing even more delegates to take part in this highly topical...

• Publication date : 2021/10/13

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables