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IIR document

Investigation on influence of dimensions of ice containing ozone micro-bubbles on characteristics of ozone concentration.

• Author(s) : MATSUMOTO K., ZHANG S., SEKINE K., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ozone, Ice slurry, Ice, Food, Bubble, Microtechnology, Cold storage, Melting, Concentration
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 66
• Formats : PDF

Assessment for decision-makers: scientific assessment of ozone depletion, 2014

• Publication date: 2014/09/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ozone, Recovery, Atmosphere, HFO, HFC, Environment, Ozone depletion, Leakage, Refrigerant, Climate, Acid

The benefits of ozone to cold storage.

• Author(s) : JAQUEZ G.
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ozone, Generality, Microorganism, Vegetable, Flower, Ethylene, Cold storage, Fruit
• Source: Cold Chain - vol. 28 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation on concentration characteristics of ozone micro-bubbles fixed in ice and ozone gas released from ice.

• Author(s) : MATSUMOTO K., FURUYA K., ZHANG S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sterilization, Ozone, Ice, Food, Bubble, Microtechnology, Cold storage, Melting, Concentration, Thermal energy storage
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 53
• Formats : PDF

Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2014.

• Author(s) : WMO
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, HCFC, CFC, Ultraviolet, Atmosphere, Review, Stratosphere, Prediction, World, HFC, Environment, Greenhouse effect, Ozone depletion, Refrigerant, Climate

Recommended by the IIR

Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2018.

• Author(s) : WMO (World Meteorological Organization), UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), NOAA, NASA, European Commission
• Publication date: 2018/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Greenhouse effect, ODP, HFO, Energy efficiency, Refrigerant, Natural refrigerant, Ozone depletion, Regulations, CFC, HFC, HCFC, Emission, CO2 emission, GWP, Climate, World, Generality
• Formats : PDF

Protecting the ozone layer and reducing global warming. Results, case studies and lessons learned from UNDP’s Montreal protocol programme.

• Author(s) : UNDP, GEF
• Publication date: 2014/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, HCFC, CFC, Control (automatic), Chilling, Air quality, Foam, HFC, Environment, Greenhouse effect, Ozone depletion, Refrigerant, Air conditioning, Climate

Managing HFCs in Australia: a 2016 update.

• Author(s) : PICKER G.
• Publication date: 2016
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, Ozone, Management, Australia, Review, HFC, Refrigerant
• Source: Industria & Formazione - International special issue 2016-2017
• Formats : PDF

Protéger la couche d’ozone et réduire le réchauffement climatique. Résultats, études de cas et enseignements tirés du Programme du PNUD relatif au Protocole de Montréal.

Protecting the ozone layer and reducing global warming. Results, case studies and lessons learned from UNDP’s Montreal protocol programme.

• Author(s) : UNDP, GEF
• Publication date: 2014/11
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Solvent, Regulations, HCFC, CFC, Control (automatic), Air quality, Foam, HFC, Environment, Greenhouse effect, Ozone depletion, Refrigerant, Air conditioning, Climate

Protección de la capa de ozono y reducción del calentamiento del planeta. Resultados, estudios de casos y lecciones aprendidas del Programa del PNUD relativo al Protocolo de Montreal.

Protecting the ozone layer and reducing global warming. Results, case studies and lessons learned from UNDP’s Montreal protocol programme.

• Author(s) : UNDP, GEF
• Publication date: 2014/11
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Solvent, Regulations, HCFC, CFC, Control (automatic), Air quality, Foam, HFC, Environment, Greenhouse effect, Ozone depletion, Refrigerant, Air conditioning, Climate

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Chapter 2 in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018.

• Author(s) : MONTZKA S. A., VELDERS G. J. M.
• Publication date: 2018/11
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

Emission quantification of refrigerant CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs in megacity Lahore (Pakistan) and contributed ODPs and GWPs.

• Author(s) : UL-HAQ Z., ALI M., BATOOL S. A., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : HCFC, Global warming, CFC, HFC, Emission, Ozone depletion, Refrigerant, Pakistan
• Source: Journal of Earth System Science - vol. 125 - n. 6

Report of the UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel. Volume 1. Decision XXVII / 4 Task Force Update Report Further Information on Alternatives to Ozone-Depleting Substances.

• Author(s) : ONU Environnement (ex-PNUE)
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating equipment, Substitute, Heat pump, Environment, Ozone depletion, Refrigerant, Air conditioning
• Formats : PDF

International standards in refrigeration and air-conditioning: an introduction to their role in the context of the HCFC phase-out in developing countries.

• Author(s) : MASICKOVA J., CLARK E.
• Publication date: 2014/05/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, Refrigerating system, HCFC, Recommendation, Substitute, Developing country, GWP, Environment, Ozone depletion, Refrigerant, Climate

The NOAA annual greenhouse gas index

• Publication date: N/A
• Languages :
• Formats : PDF

Management and destruction of ozone depleting substances

A recent GIZ study analyses the management and destruction of ozone depleting substances (ODS) – primarily used as refrigerants – particularly in developing countries.

• Publication date : 2016/05/02
• Subjects: Environment, General information

HFCs are “ weak ozone-depleting substances”

Although HFCs are promoted as being zero ODP refrigerants, they do have a small but measurable effect on ozone depletion, according to a new study by NASA.

• Publication date : 2015/12/08
• Subjects: Environment, General information, HFCs alternatives

Potential impact of dichloromethane on the ozone layer recovery

In a study published in Nature Communications, Ryan Hossaini and a team of researchers consider the impact of dichloromethane (CH2CL2) on the ozone layer.

• Publication date : 2017/12/13
• Subjects: Environment, General information, HFCs alternatives

Ozone2Climate Technology Road Show

The Ozone2Climate Technology Road Show*, the first showcase of technological alternatives to ozone-depleting substance (ODS) in South East Asia, took place in the Maldives on May 8-12, 2011. Alongside, also took place an Industry Roundtable on...

• Publication date : 2011/08/08

Europe: focus on the consumption, exports, production and destruction of ozone depleting substances.

The European Environment Agency published in September 2017 a report aggregating data submitted by companies using ozone depleting substances.

• Publication date : 2017/10/18
• Subjects: Regulation, Figures, economy

Ozone-climate interactions

Ozone affects climate, and climate affects ozone. According to NASA's Observatory Earth, well before the expected stratospheric ozone layer recovery date of 2050, ozone's effects on climate may become the main driver of ozone loss in the...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Cuban plant to destroy substances depleting the ozone layer

Cuba will be the first country in Latin America to open a plant meant to destroy CFCs.

• Publication date : 2014/12/03

HCFC phase-out and HFC phase-down discussed by African Ozone Officers (en anglais)

At the end of March 2017, fifty National Ozone Officers met in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, to review challenges related to the phase-out of HCFCs and the phase-down of HFCs.

• Publication date : 2017/04/06
• Subjects: Developing country, Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Briefs: ozone hole

The Earth's ozone hole is slowly mending: this is considered a big victory for environmental policy makers. But in a new report, scientists say there is a downside: its repair may contribute to global warming. As it happens, the hole led to the...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Ozone layer issues: China

China Closes Ozone Depleting Chemical Plants. On July 1, China, the world's largest producer of CFCs and halon, shut down five of its six remaining plants, putting the country two and a half years ahead of the Montreal Protocol's 2010 deadline for...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Ozone layer issues: Montreal Protocol

A recent policy article recommends "further adjustments to strengthen the Montreal Protocol and provide further insurance against the threat of abrupt climate change". According to the authors, "the Montreal Protocol's successful work to protect...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Ozone depletion and global warming

As an intergovernmental organization, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is invited to attend the annual conferences on the ozone layer (and the Montreal Protocol), on climate change (and the Kyoto Protocol), and to present a...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

The European Commission has initiated an evaluation of the Regulation n°1005/2009 on ozone-depleting substances (ODS)

The European Commission recently published a roadmap ahead of the evaluation of the effectiveness of European ODS Regulation n°1005/2009.

• Publication date : 2017/09/05
• Subjects: Regulation

Africa: First Ozone village in Africa

The Nigerian government announced in August 2009 that it intends to build a revolutionary ozone village in Ogun State. The project will feature locally manufactured prototype ozone-friendly systems, CFC recovery and recycling, and hydrocarbon...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Briefs: Antarctic ozone hole smallest in five years

The Antarctica ozone hole is the smallest it has been in 5 years, according to research from Niwa, New Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. Satellite data combined with ground-base measurements show the hole reached a...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Happy World Ozone Day!

On behalf of UN Environment Programme (UNEP) OzonAction, it gives us great pleasure to wish you a happy World Ozone Day.

• Publication date : 2020/09/16
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment

Ozone to Cool Zone: IIR Workshops at COP 28

Join the five IIR workshops at COP28 set to highlight innovative refrigeration solutions for a sustainable future.

• Publication date : 2023/11/24
• Subjects: Environment

HARFKO 2015: More successful than ever welcomes UNEP Ozone2Climate Roundtable & Roadshow

Last week the IIR was delighted to participate in the 13th Heating, Air-conditioning, Refrigeration & Fluid Exhibition – KOREA (HARFKO 2015).

• Publication date : 2015/03/18

UN Environment OzonAction and the IIR collaborate on the cold chain

On January 16, 2018, the IIR organised a side event dedicated to the cold chain at the First Inter-Regional Thematic Technical Workshops and Regional Network Meetings for National Ozone Officers, during which IIR experts presented five Cold Chain...

• Publication date : 2018/01/24

Press release: The International Institute of Refrigeration produces five Cold Chain Technology Briefs in partnership with UN Environment OzonAction

The IIR commissioned several of its experts in their capacity as presidents of an IIR section, an IIR commission and as an IIR member to produce five Cold Chain Technology Briefs in partnership with UN Environment OzonAction.

• Publication date : 2018/01/25

IIR and UNEP OzonAction publish French and Spanish versions of Cold Chain Technology Briefs

Originally published in English, the five Cold Chain Technology Briefs have been translated into two additional languages.

• Publication date : 2020/05/28
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology

Participation of the IIR in the 31st Meeting of the Parties (MOP 31)

The 31st Meeting of the Parties (MOP 31) took place on November 4-8, 2019 in Italy at FAO headquarters. The Rome declaration on the reduction of food losses was signed.

• Publication date : 2019/11/29
• Subjects: General information, Regulation, Environment

CRH 2015 - China Refrigeration 2015

Continued focus on providing persistent improvement and innovation in the HVAC&R industry. Highlights included a Demonstration Pavilion for cold chain solutions, Ozone2Climate Roadshow & Roundtable, and a side-event covering EU F-gas...

• Publication date : 2015/04/15

Small steps towards a giant leap! Parties to the Montreal Protocol continue discussions on HFCs

Last week saw another step towards a global agreement on the phase down of ozone depleting substances, the event started with a buzz around the new amendment proposals to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2015/04/29
• Subjects: Regulation

Cooling Keeps Food Fresh : Global Campaign Announced for World Refrigeration Day, June 26

Since 2019, June 26 celebrates the World Refrigeration Day. With increasing global stakes at hand over the past years, refrigeration took a leading role at the heart of international...

• Publication date : 2022/05/25
• Subjects: Environment

IIR/UNEP Cold Chain Technology Brief on Vaccines

The IIR and the UN Environment programme have jointly developed the cold chain technology brief on vaccines dedicated to government National Ozone Officers, policy makers, and refrigeration stakeholders. The...

• Publication date : 2021/09/08

Energy efficiency on the agenda for discussion during Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna

Focus on the fruitful workshop on "the energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", which preceded the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG40) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances...

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

UNESCO two-day meeting in Paris

The IIR participated in a two-day meeting organised by UN Environment at UNESCO (Paris).

• Publication date : 2018/08/08
• Subjects: General information, Environment

The IIR and UNEP release a Cold Chain Technology Brief on Vaccines

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and the UN Environment Programme partnered in the development of a cold chain technology brief on vaccines dedicated to government National Ozone Officers,...

• Publication date : 2021/09/24
• Subjects: Technology

MOPIA joins the REAL Alternatives project

REAL Alternatives, the international programme for low GWP alternatives training for technicians, is delighted to announce that MOPIA, the Manitoba Ozone Protection Industry Association, has joined the...

• Publication date : 2021/03/03
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction