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Experimental Study on Frost Crystal Morphologies and Frosting Characteristics under Different Working Pressures.

• Author(s) : LAI T., LIU X., DONG X., QIANG M., YAN S., HOU Y.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frosting, Pressure, Crystal, Test rig, Expérimentation, Air conditioning, Thermodynamic property
• Source: Applied Sciences - 12 - 8
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Eulerian-eulerian multiphase frost model based on phase change driving force.

• Author(s) : JEONG J., PONCET S., MICHEL B., BONJOUR J.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frost, Change of phase, Prediction, Plate, CFD, Modelling
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain Online. Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Literature review of frost formation phenomena on domestic refrigerators evaporators.

• Author(s) : KRASOTA D., BLASIAK P., KOLASIŃSKI P.
• Publication date: 2023/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Household application, Household refrigerator, Frost, Review, Expérimentation, Modelling, CFD, Crystal, Evaporator, Frosting
• Source: Energies - vol. 16 - 7
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Improving defrosting performance by controlling frost distribution to match defrosting heat distribution in frost-free household refrigerators.

• Author(s) : LI Z., ZHAO D., DING G., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerator, Frost-free system, Performance, Duct, Expérimentation, Defrosting
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 77
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Effects of crystal formation on the initial frost thickness and density on cold surfaces.

• Author(s) : HARGES E., CREMASCHI L.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frosting, Frost, Crystal, Surface, Wettability, Modelling, Thermodynamic property
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 136
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Analysis of the frost formation pattern in heat exchangers for proper placement of frost measuring sensors.

• Author(s) : AGUIAR M., GASPAR P. D., SILVA P. D.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat exchanger, Sensor, Frost, Detection, Expérimentation, Defrosting
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Predictions on frost growth over a flat plate using surface characteristics: Machine learning methods.

• Author(s) : HAN J. M., PARK S. H., PARK Y. G., PANDEY S., HA M. Y.
• Publication date: 2023/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frost, Flat plate, Machine learning, Modelling, Prediction, Horizontal plate, Forced convection, Free convection, Vertical plate, Calculation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 149
• Formats : PDF

Experimental study on a new type of thermal storage defrosting system for frost-free household refrigerators

• Author(s) : LIU Z., LI A., WANG Q., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Paraffin, Household refrigerator, Frost-free system, PCM, Expérimentation, Defrosting, Thermal energy storage
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 118

IIR document

Effective image processing-based technique for frost detection and quantification in domestic refrigerators.

• Author(s) : RAHMAN H. U., AKBAR H., MALIK A. N., NAWAZ T., LAZOGLU I.
• Publication date: 2024/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frost, Detection, Defrosting, Expérimentation, Household refrigerator, Imaging, Test room
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 160
• Formats : PDF

Frost formation in evaporator fins with embedded negative stiffness structures.

• Author(s) : THAKKAR A., MA J., BRAUN J. E., HORTON W. T., ARRIETA A. F.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frosting, Evaporator, Fin, Air flow, Defrosting, Heat exchanger, Expérimentation
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical research on effects of gravitational settling and thermophoresis of mist particles on frost formation under cryogenic conditions.

• Author(s) : HATTORI A., UEDA A., YOSHIDA M., HIRAI R., SATO T.
• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cryogenics, Precooling, Frosting, CFD, Modelling
• Source: Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference on Cryogenics, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Experimental study of frosting cleaning process on superhydrophobic copper surface.

• Author(s) : LI Y., LI M., DANG C., CHEN H.
• Publication date: 2023/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Finned tube, Heat exchanger, Frosting, Dust, Cleaning, Copper, Expérimentation, Defrosting
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 151
• Formats : PDF

Frosting and Defrosting Behavior of Evaporators.

• Author(s) : REICHL C., POPOVAC M., HOCHWALLNER F., WIMBERGER P., LINHARDT F., FLECKL T., EMHOFER J.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frosting, Defrosting, Evaporator, Simulation, Expérimentation, Thermography, Thermodynamic property, Heat pump, Air-water
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Frost and ice fog formation in industrial freezers operating in supersaturated air.

• Author(s) : MAGO P. J., SHERIF S. A.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frost, Industrial freezer, Defrosting, Commercial application, Industrial application, Finned tube, Heat pipe, Expérimentation, Dehumidification
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Study on the frosting phenomena between concavity and convexity plate under forced convection - The prediction of frost layer growth using the observation from the frost and defrost multi-cycle experiment. 

• Author(s) : KATSUTA M., IKUTAYA S., TERAKADO Y., YAMAGISHI J., ASAKAWA R., BAE S.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frosting, Defrosting, Wettability, Heat exchanger, Forced convection, Expérimentation, Thermodynamic cycle, Crystal, Calculation
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

Optimizing frost-free refrigerators

A team from the Federal University of Paraná and the Federal University of Technology – Paraná in Brazil has modelled and optimized a frost-free refrigerator aimed at both cost and energy savings.

• Publication date : 2013/06/21

Briefs: Permafrost - a glimpse of Alaska's History

In 1963, the Alkirk miner, an experimental tunnelling machine, was tested on the permanently frozen silt, sand and gravel of Hill 456, 10 miles north of Fairbanks, Alaska. The result was a man-made permafrost tunnel that runs 360 feet deep into...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Prehistoric flower from the permafrost blooms again

A team of scientists has reportedly resurrected seeds of a 30 000-years-old variety of Silene stenophylla.

• Publication date : 2012/06/18

Frost detection and defrosting methods: latest advances

A recent Purdue conference paper presents the state of the art regarding methods for retarding the onset of frosting, frost detection techniques and defrosting strategies, including those based on artificial...

• Publication date : 2023/02/21

A novel method for frost detection

Frost growth on the evaporator coils of a refrigeration plant can dramatically reduce its efficiency. A novel indirect detection method that would avoid frost built-up has been developed.

• Publication date : 2020/02/06

Frost mitigation methods for heat pumps and refrigeration systems

Frost growth is an important issue since defrosting can represent up to 30% of the total energy consumption of refrigerated display cabinets. Review of the various frost mitigation technologies and latest...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

Pulse technology defrosts surfaces in seconds

A team of Japanese and American researchers is developing with a new, fast and efficient technology to defrost surfaces.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30

New energy saving defrost technology

A new technology which is claimed to save 1.94 billion € on supermarket refrigeration energy costs has been presented.

• Publication date : 2014/04/29

Siberian nematode worms kept in permafrost for 42,000 years come back to life

A team of Russian researchers revived two nematodes buried in Siberian permafrost for 32,000 and 42,000 years.

• Publication date : 2018/09/20

Briefs: Heinen

Heinen claims that its new, compact spiral freezer reduces defrosting time and allows longer production periods without defrosting thanks to a programmable air-cooler rinsing system that sprinkles warm water over the air coolers. Another feature...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

An ice barrier to stop radioactive water leaks at Fukushima

In early September, Japan’s government gave the go ahead on a project to create a mile-long artificial permafrost barrier around the Fukushima power station to stop radioactive water from leaking.

• Publication date : 2013/12/04

Refrigerated transport: truckers’ Delight

North American truckers are set to upgrade their equipment in line with new regulations and due to strong consumer demands for better food safety. The FDA's hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) system decrees that shippers and...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Markets

- India: Air conditioner sales should reach about 1 million units in 2004, up from 800 000 in 2003, representing 442 million USD. The air-conditioning sector is expected to grow at least 25% a year over the next 3 years. Only 1.2% of indian...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Markets and figures: heat pump market

The heat pump market is growing fast, especially in Europe and in Asia: - In Europe, a recent report from Frost & Sullivan found that the heat pump market - covering commercial, residential, public and industrial applications - earned over €...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Trends

- The worldwide market for air conditioning was estimated by BSRIA as being 34 billion USD in 2001 and was forecast to reach 39 billion USD in 2004. The Freedonia Group predicts a rise to 56 billion USD by 2008. Fastest growth will occur in the...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

ENOUGH at the 37th EFFoST International Conference 2023

Several partners from the ENOUGH project were present at the 37th EFFoST International Conference 2023 in Valencia this week.

• Publication date : 2023/11/13

International events: Antony

The 1st IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems was held in Antony, France, on April 6-7, 2009. Besides charge reduction, key topics covered included enhancement of heat and mass transfer, pressure and oil issues and...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Up to 20% discount on refrigeration market research!

Being part of the IIR gives you even more benefits with discounts of up to 20% on refrigeration market research studies.

• Publication date : 2014/10/23

Ever-expanding market research resources at your fingertips

The IIR enhances its market research resources

• Publication date : 2015/05/27

International events: GL2008

The 8th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2008) was held in Copenhagen on September 7-10, 2008. The event attracted 397 participants from 32 countries. The initial conferences in the series tended to attract participants...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

1st IIR International Cold and Sustainability Conference

The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain held in Cambridge, UK, on March 29-31, 2010 attracted over 150 participants from 22 countries. Academia, public and corporate research centres, public agencies and administrations, and...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress

An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

New IIR Informatory Note on Air-source heat pumps for space heating and cooling

The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note on Air source heat pumps for space heating and cooling. A summary for policymakers and a Chinese version of this note have also been published.

• Publication date : 2021/02/23

ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050

The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.

• Publication date : 2021/10/29

Member news: Mirai Intex ultra-low temperature refrigeration system at the ACHEMA trade show in Germany

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, will present its MC 15 C/W/T closed-cycle refrigeration machine at the ACHEMA trade show in August 2022 in Germany.

• Publication date : 2022/08/16
• Subjects: Technology

IIR member news: Linde

BOC, subsidiary company of the Linde Group, launches its innovative technology in refrigerated transport.

• Publication date : 2015/06/17

New IIR Informatory Note on Whole Body Cryotherapy/Cryostimulation 

Providing key insight in the field of cryostimulation, and particularly whole body and partial body cryotherapy, the new Informatory Note of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) explores the...

• Publication date : 2020/12/02
• Subjects: Technology

The Congress in Yokohama: a great success!

In Yokohama, the International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2015), a huge milestone in the refrigeration sector, saw a massive amount of information disseminated and certainly lived up to expectations with almost 1,200 conference delegates, 143...

• Publication date : 2015/09/16

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers